首先,关于RSA的加密介绍文章,就不多说了。直接看这个网页吧(作者写的计算机科普文章是极好的)
http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2013/06/rsa_algorithm_part_one.html
我要实现的功能就是通过这对公钥和密钥,实现客户端软件对密码进行加密(采用公钥),然后网站端(php)采用密钥进行解密验证。
开始吧。
php服务端利用内置函数生成公钥和密钥。记得这需要php服务器安装了openssl扩展。先生成cer文件和pfx文件。cer文件相当于公钥(可以发给客户端),pfx是密钥(必须严格保存于服务器端不能泄露)。
$dn = array( "countryName" => 'zh', //所在国家名称 "stateOrProvinceName" => 'GuangDong', //所在省份名称 "localityName" => 'ShenZhen', //所在城市名称 "organizationName" => 'baibai', //注册人姓名 "organizationalUnitName" => 'company', //组织名称 "commonName" => 'bbb', //公共名称 "emailAddress" => '123@.qq.com' //邮箱 ); $privkeypass = 'cf'; //私钥密码 $numberofdays = 3650; //有效时长 $cerpath = "./test.cer"; //生成证书路径 $pfxpath = "./test.pfx"; //密钥文件路径//生成证书 $privkey = openssl_pkey_new(); $csr = openssl_csr_new($dn, $privkey); $sscert = openssl_csr_sign($csr, null, $privkey, $numberofdays); openssl_x509_export_to_file($sscert, $cerpath); //导出证书到文件 //openssl_pkcs12_export_to_file($sscert, $pfxpath, $privkey, $privkeypass); //生成密钥文件 openssl_pkey_export_to_file($privkey, $pfxpath); //生成密钥文件
以下是是php端进行简单测试的代码:
/* //私钥加密 $cer_key = file_get_contents($pfxpath); //获取密钥内容 openssl_pkcs12_read($cer_key, $certs, $privkeypass); openssl_sign($data, $signMsg, $certs['pkey'],OPENSSL_ALGO_SHA1); //注册生成加密信息 $signMsg = base64_encode($signMsg); //base64转码加密信息 //echo $signMsg; //公钥解密 $cer_key = file_get_contents($cerpath); //获取证书内容 $unsignMsg=base64_decode($signMsg);//base64解码加密信息 $cer = openssl_x509_read($cer_key); //读取公钥 $res = openssl_verify($data, $unsignMsg, $cer); //验证 echo $res; //输出验证结果,1:验证成功,0:验证失败 */ $data = "123456"; $crypted = ""; $key = file_get_contents($cerpath); //公钥加密 openssl_public_encrypt($data, $crypted, $key); echo base64_encode($crypted)."<br>"; //echo $crypted."<br>"; //私钥解密 $decrypted = ""; $s = file_get_contents($pfxpath); //echo "<br>$s<br>"; $key2 = openssl_pkey_get_private(file_get_contents($pfxpath)); if(openssl_private_decrypt($crypted, $decrypted, $key2)){ echo $decrypted; } else{ echo "failed"; }
客户端通过加载cer文件,将要加密的文本用公钥加密。以下是一个函数
//通过读取本地的cer文件,得到公钥,然后对文本内容加密,返回加密后的文本,最后传到服务器端,与密钥进行比对 public static String getRSAText(Context context,String strText){ try { //读取证书文件 InputStream inStream = context.getResources().getAssets().open("test.cer"); //创建X509工厂类 CertificateFactory cf = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509"); //创建证书对象 X509Certificate cert = (X509Certificate)cf.generateCertificate(inStream); inStream.close(); Cipher c1 = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/None/PKCS1Padding"); c1.init(Cipher.PUBLIC_KEY, cert); byte[] cipherText = c1.doFinal(strText.getBytes()); //base64转换一下,方便传输 String res = Base64.encodeToString(cipherText,Base64.DEFAULT); return res; } catch (InvalidKeyException e){ } catch (IOException e){ } catch (CertificateException e){ } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e){ } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e){ } catch (BadPaddingException e){ } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e){ } return ""; }
下边是php端用pfx文件(里边放有密钥)进行解密的代码。我改写成了一个函数。参数是pfx文件路径,pfx文件名,要解密的字符串
function getPassword( $path,$pfx_file_name,$str ){ $pfxpath = $path . "/public/$pfx_file_name"; //密钥文件路径 //$cerpath = "./test.cer"; //生成证书路径 //私钥解密 $decrypted = ""; $key2 = openssl_pkey_get_private(file_get_contents($pfxpath)); $res = openssl_private_decrypt(base64_decode($str), $decrypted, $key2); if($res){ return $decrypted; } else{ return ""; } }